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Alexander (grape)
Alexander (also known as Tasker's Grape〔William Bartram, ''Account of the Species, Hybrids, and Other Varieties of the Vine of North-America'', Medical Repository, (1804), vol. 7 (series, vol. 1 ), p. 19-24.〕) is a spontaneous cross of vines from which the first commercial wines in America were made. It was discovered in 1740 in the neighborhood of Springgettsbury, Philadelphia, in a vineyard where James Alexander (d. 1778), Thomas Penn's gardener, had originally planted cuttings of ''Vitis vinifera'' in 1683. It was popularized by the Bartram family at Bartram's Garden, Philadelphia, and widely distributed after the American Revolution by William Bartram.〔Pinney, Thomas (2007). (''A History of Wine in America, Volume 1: From the Beginnings to Prohibition'' ), University of California Press, 2nd ed. p. 85. ISBN 0-520-25429-5〕
The Alexander grape is a hybrid grape of ''Vitis labrusca'' and another species, which may probably be ''Vitis vinifera''.〔
==History==
In the 18th century and much of the 19th century it was impossible to grow European wine grapes in the open air in the eastern half of North America. The Alexander combined disease and pest resistance from North American grapes with some of the better qualities of European wine grapes. It was an acceptable grape for large-scale planting and wine production. The Alexander was the basis for the first successful North American wine industry over much of the east coast, in Pennsylvania in the 1790s, in Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, and in Indiana in 1806.
The Alexander grape may be extinct, and it is not known exactly if any live material of the variety still exists.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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